Martial Law is government by authorities. Martial law its from the need, when is , to use force to suppress insurrection, riot, or disorder, or to deal with public calamity. Inasmuch as martial law is called forth by necessity, the extent and degree to which it may be employed and may supersede are also measured by necessity.

Martial law is when there is a state of war, or insurrection or rebellion amounting to a state of war. It is not clear whether this is truly a law, or merely the use of the amount of force necessary by the state (in England, the Crown) and its officers to order. The Bill of Rights in England forbids the declaration of martial law in time of peace.

Once the state of war is actually , the courts cannot question acts. In the case of a riot or disturbance, on the other hand, the courts can determine whether the amount of force used was excessive. It is customary whenever martial law or some of it has been applied, as in wartime, to pass an Act of Indemnity to protect any officer from attacks on their during the of martial law.

A less rigorous form of of is the declaration of a state of emergency, which is declared by proclamation. A state of emergency may be declared, for a of a month, when the essentials of life for the population are threatened. It allows to be made without an Act of Parliament, and certain powers to government ministers.

International Aspects
In wartime, a nation may martial law over its own territory as part of the war effort; such action is from by an invading power. Martial law may also be in cases of severe dissension or disorder, either by an incumbent government to power or by a new government after a coup d'état. Often in the case of a coup, take over the state and judicial apparatus, and and political liberties are . Nations experiencing of martial law during the 1970s and 1980s included Chile, the Philippines, Poland, and Turkey.