The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
by Thomas S. Kuhn

V - The of .

The of a scientific can be determined with relative ease. The "rules" used by scientists who share a are not so easily determined. Some reasons for this are that scientists can disagree on the of a . The existence of a need not that any full set of rules exist. Also, scientists are often guided by tacit knowledge - knowledge through practice and that cannot be articulated . Further, the attributes shared by a are not always readily .

can determine science without the of discoverable rules or shared . In part, this is because it is very difficult to discover the rules that guide particular -science . Scientists never learn , laws, and in the and by themselves. They generally learn these with and through their applications. New is taught in tandem with its application to a concrete of .

Sub-specialties are differently educated and on different applications for their findings. A can determine several of science that without being coextensive. , changes in a different sub-specialties differently. "A produced within one of these will not necessarily extend to the others as well".

When scientists disagree about whether the problems of their field have been solved, the search for rules gains a function that it does not ordinarily possess .

(A Synopsis from the orginal by Professor Frank Pajares, Emory University)