Tourism can be recognized as long as people have travelled; the narrative of Marco Polo in the 13th century; the "grand tour" of the British aristocracy to Europe in the 18th century; and the journeys of David Livingstone through Africa in the 19th century are all examples of early tourism. Thomas Cook is popularly regarded as the of inclusive tours with his use of a chartered train in 1841 to tourists from Loughborough to Leicester. Before the 1950s, tourism in Europe was mainly a activity with some international travel between countries, mainly within continental Europe. In the of following World War II, a combination of provided an impetus to international travel. Among the important were the growing number of people in employment, the increase in real and leisure time, and changing social towards leisure and work. These combined to stimulate the latent demand for foreign travel and holidays. The of specialist tour operators who organized inclusive holidays by , , and related services and selling these at a single price, brought foreign holidays within the price-range of a new and growing group of . The "package" or "inclusive" tour democratized travel in Europe; foreign holidays were no longer the preserve of the affluent and socially élite classes.